Advocacy Resources A separate site that includes links to information and organizations for advocates against abuse of surveillance, neural technologies and "nonlethal weapons"
John B. Alexander, "Acoustics", in Future War, Non-Lethal Weapons in Twenty-First Century Warfare, NY, Thomas Dunne Books, 1999. pp. 95-102 Details the use of high-power ultrasound weapons on humans and the built environment. These weapons, developed by Scientific Applications and Research Associates (SARA) in California, among others, have the capacity to cause pain, to cause inattention, sleepiness, and fatigue, and to disrupt mental reasoning. PPS (Pulsed Periodic Stimuli) weapons also developed at SARA, according to Alexander, are capable of causing neurophysiological distress and perceptual disorientation. The author also discusses how Ultrasound can weaken structures and potentially cause objects to move.
Robert J. Bunker, Editor, "Nonlethal Weapons: Terms and References", pp. 95-102 INSS Occasional Paper 15, USAF Institute for National Security Studies USAF Academy, Colorado -- http://www.angelfire.com/or/mctrl/nonlethal.html (angelfire.com website) This list is of interest because of the range of technologies which it includes and because it lists technologies, such neuro-implants -- described as "Computer implants into the brain which allow for behavioral modification and control" -- as "nonlethal weapons", whereas the research objectives for implants are often differently stated. Among the other nonlethal weapons it lists are: Pheromones, Electromagnetic Interference, "Hologram, Death", described as a "Hologram used to scare a target individual to death", and "Optical, Low Energy Laser-Eye Safe", descibed as a continuous wave laser mounted on a rifle, that "produces a high-intensity glare strong enough to temporarily delay and disorient an adversary...".
Frank Vizard, "Do Microwave Weapons Kill?", Scientific American, February 18, 2003
Note: Although some "Non-Lethal" Weapons may (depending on what they actually do) be more humane in battle situations, many have the potential of being covertly used against civilians, for instance, to interfere with the performance of athletes, to interfere with the work of artists and writers, to interfere with the work of women in the sciences. They could also be used to make peaceful demonstration very difficult.